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CALCULATORS - JAN/SAN
- Time and Solution Coverage per Square Foot
- Weights and Measures
- pH Scale
- Can Liners
- Dilution Ratios
- Metric System
- U.S. Customary System
- General Measures
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Time to Square Foot per Hour Conversion Formula
To calculate total square footage measurements per hour, use the formula below.
60 / ISSA Min. = _______________ x # square feet = per hour
First divide 60 (minutes) by the listed ISSA time per 1000 square feet. The total of this calculation multiplied by 1000 gives you the number of square feet per hour that may be accomplished by performing this task. Remember that many factors can affect this number in your particular facility.
Example:
Task #187 "Dust mop with a 24" Mop using Dust Treatment Chemical" @ 7.2 minutes per 1000 square feet.
Calculation:
60 / 7.2 = 8.333 x 1000 = 8333 square feet per hour
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pH Scale
The pH scale measures the amount of acidity or alkalinity in a chemical solution. Each number is ten times larger than the next number. Thus a pH of 1 is 10 times more acidic than a pH of 2; a pH of 2 is 100 times more acidic than a pH of 4. pH is derived from the Greek word for "Potency" and H is the symbol for hydrogen - thus, pH stands for the potency of the hydrogen ion in an aqueous solution. Note the following:
- Urine fluctuates from 5.5 to 8.0 depending on age, sex, food consumption, etc.
- Never mix cleaning chemicals, especially those found on opposite sides of the pH scale because adverse reactions or neutralization of the mixture may occur.
- All pH values are approximates.
- Solvents do not have a pH because they do not ionize in aqueous solution.
- pH does not measure the corrosiveness of an acid (i.e., HCL with a pH of 1 is stronger than Phosphoric with a pH of 1).
Measuring for Correct Can Liner Size
The size or gallon capacity of your trash receptacle is usually printed on the container itself. If not, here are simple instructions for measuring for the correct size. Remember, you should have about 3" to 4" of overhang on the outside of the receptacle.
For a round receptacle:
Width = diameter of receptacle x 3.14 / 2 (diameter is the distance across the top of the receptacle)
Length = 1/2 the diameter + height of the receptacles + 3 or 4 inches for overhang
For a square or rectangular receptacle:
Length = 1/2 the smallest side + height of the receptacle + 3 or 4 inches for overhang
Why Gauge Isn't Always Important?
Film thickness is no longer a satisfactory standard for judging overall strength. The development of improved LLDPE resin in the liner industry has completely changed the standard method for selecting the correct can liners. These materials have allowed manufacturers to produce thinner, lighter trash bags which are stronger and more durable than the thicker bags previously made from low density resin. This is why gauge is no longer an effective way to determine liner strength. Instead of stating actual thickness, it is now generally accepted to use terminology such as "Light", "Medium", "Heavy", and "Extra Heavy". Each manufacturer has its own blend formulations, so the proportions of these materials vary from one producer to another. The best way to determine the correct liner is to actually test some suggested samples.
| General Industry Strength Rating | Linear Low Density Mil Thickness Range | Old Low Density Strength Rating |
| Light (L) | .35 to .50 | 1.25 |
| Medium (Med) | .45 to .75 | 1.5 |
| Heavy (Hvy) | .60 to 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Extra Heavy (XHVY) | 1.3 | 3.0 |
| Extra Extra Heavy (XXHVY) | 1.3 to 2.0 | 4.0 |
- It's important to know a little bit about what can liners are actually made of, and how thicknesses are measured. That way you can determine which of the polyethylene resins and liner gauges will work best for your particular application.
- Resin— The basic raw material from which can liners are made. There are 3 types of resins: Low Density, Linear Low Density and High Density Polyethylene.
- Linear Low Density Polyethylene — This resin is highly puncture and tear resistant. These properties make this the best choice for applications where additional strength and stretch are required. Works well for waste with sharp or jagged edges.
- High Density Polyethylene — Liners made from this resin are generally available in lower gauges, and are more temperature resistant.
- Low Density Polyethylene — An older resin still used mainly in lower end utility liners. It has largely been replaced by Linear Low Density Polyethylene.
- Post - Consumer and Post-Industrial Polyethylene — This is made from recycled post-consumer plastics such as milk jugs and industrial scraps. These are reprocessed and blended with other types of resins to produce new high quality liners.
- Gauge — A term used to describe the thickness of a liner. Low density liners are measured in mils, while High Density liners are generally measured in microns..
- Flat Seal — Just as the name infers, a flat seal is simply a two-dimensional bag with a bottom seal. Flat seal bags are generally leak-proof, but are very clumsy to handle. Also, they do not conform very well to the shape of most trash receptacles. Flat seal liners are designated in two dimensions, i.e., 40x46.
- Gusseted Seal — A flat style bag manufactured with both sides tucked in to form gussets. Where indented, the bag has to be sealed through four layers of film, while the middle of the bag has only two layers. This leads to an inherently weak bottom seal. Gusseted seal liners are designated in three dimensions, i.e., 23x17x46.
- Star Seal (or X-Seal) — The star seal has become the most common type of seal in the market today. Designed without gussets, the star seal eliminates gaps along the seal where leaks can occur. This unique design allows the bag to conform more easily to the shape of the container and distributes the weight of the refuse evenly around the bag. Star seal liners maximize the bag's carrying capacity and virtually eliminate leaks. Star Seal liners are designated in two dimensions, i.e., 40x46.
Here are a few useful formulas that will help you calculate how thick your liner should be to handle your refuse safely.
Mils and Microns
A mil is a unit of length in thousandths of an inch (for example, .001 = one thousandth of an inch or 1.0 mil) typically used to designate the thickness of linear low density liners.
A micron (also refered to as a mic) is a metric unit of measure and is equal to one thousandth of a millimeter. A mic is typically used to designate the thickness of high density products.
You can easily convert with the following formulas:
Converting Mils-to-Microns : Multiply the number of mils by 25.4
For example: .75 mil x 25.4 = 19 microns
Converting Microns-to-Mils Divide the number of microns by 25.4
For example: 14 microns / 25.4 = .55 mil
Institutional Trash Can Liners
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Gauge Conversion Chart | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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DILUTION RATIOS
Chemicals must be properly diluted to assure you the best possible product performance. By carefully following the dilution instructions on the label and using this mixing chart for correct ratios, you will be able to get the best performance from your chemicals.
| IF MIXING INSTRUCTIONS READ: | USE THIS AMOUNT OF CONCENTRATE: |
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| 1 to 4 | 32 oz (1 qt.) per gallon |
| 1 to 8 | 16 oz (1 pt.) per gallon |
| 1 to 10 | 12.8 oz per gallon |
| 1 to 12 | 10-2/3 oz per gallon |
| 1 to 16 | 8 oz (1 cup) per gallon |
| 1 to 20 | 6.4 oz per gallon |
| 1 to 26 | 4.9 oz per gallon |
| 1 to 30 | 4.3 oz per gallon |
| 1 to 40 | 3.2 oz per gallon |
| 1 to 64 | 2 oz per gallon |
| 1 to 128 | 1 oz per gallon |
| 1 to 200 | 2/3 oz per gallon |
| 1 to 256 | 1/2 oz per gallon |
| 1 cup | 8.0 ounces |
| 1 pint | 16.0 ounces |
| 1 quart | 32.0 ounces (4 cups) |
| 1 gallon | 128.0 ounces (16 cups) |
| 1 liter | 1.0567 quarts |
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Note: For your convenience these fractions have been rounded to the nearest tenth of an ounce or common fraction. | |
Metric System
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U.S. Customary System
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General Measures
Conversion Table
To Convert Into Multiply By
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Centimeters Inches .394 |
Kilograms Grams 1,000 |
Yards 1.093 |